Arthosis is a chronic disease in which degenerative-dystophical changes in the joints are produced.Arthrosis can interrupt the function of the joint, and in the posterior stages, the complete destruction of the joints and the loss of motor functions can occur.
Osteoarthritis in women
The predisposition to osteoarthritis is genetically transmitted.Innate characteristics or defects of connective tissue structure and joints (dysplasia) can affect the development of the disease, especially in combination with acquired factors.Among the latter there may be injuries, obesity and other diseases.
At the age of 45, osteoarthritis is diagnosed in 2-3% of women, but this percentage increases more than 10 times in the age of 45 to 60 years.After reaching 65 years, the symptoms of osteoarthritis are found in 70% of women.Men suffer from this disease less frequently.
Osteoarthritis in pregnant women
Arthrosis in pregnant women can significantly complicate a child's support.And not only because due to the inevitable increase in body weight, the load in the joints increases significantly.During pregnancy, it is necessary to exclude or significantly reduce the use of certain medications used to treat osteoarthritis.
Therefore, pregnancy in a woman with osteoarthritis of the joints is carried out in the narrow interaction of a gynecologist, orthopedic and rheumatologist.Doctors jointly solve problems related to the osteoarthritic treatment plan, taking medications, prescribing a special regime.Perhaps a pregnant woman will need to use special orthopedic devices designed to facilitate the course of osteoarthritis and not interfere with fetal bearing.
Osteoarthritis in women in menopause
Women whose organism is included in the period of menopause falls at risk of arthrosis of the joints due to changes in the hormonal background.The health of bones, joints and ligaments depends on the level of estrogen.A decrease in the level of female hormones, associated with the beginning of menopause, can lead not only to osteoporosis, but also at the beginning of degenerative changes in the joints and the development of osteoarthritis.
Osteoarthritis in men
Often, the osteoarthritis of the joints develops in adulthood in men who abuse some types of physical exercises.Especially this happens after a long break in sports.To return the previous physical form, a man can try to participate in the previous intensity.But excessive load leads to osteoarthritis faster than the muscles appear in relief.
Osteoarthritis in children
At an early age, the osteoarthritis of the joints is rare, but, nevertheless, this diagnosis in children is also found.
Osteoarthritis in young children
The probability of osteoarthritis at an early age increases if the child has congenital disorders of the structure of the bone system.This can be dysplasia of the hip joint or defects of the structure of the spine joints, the elbow or the knee joint.A change in joint joint geometry causes the appearance of an overload, which acts negatively on the components of the joint.At the same time, the muscles are not yet developed enough to compensate for the defects of the structure.
Osteoarthritis in adolescents
In adolescence, osteoarthritis can be associated with injuries received during sports or outdoor games.Another reason is not enough balanced diet, hormonal restructuring of puberty, rapid growth of bones with the delay of increasing the mass and strength of the muscles.
Articulations of the lower extremities
Very often, large joints of the lower extremities suffer from osteoarthritis.But there is also damage to the smallest joints: for example, the osteoarthritis of the fingertips on the foot.
Knee joint osteoarthritis (gonarrosis)
Knee osteoarthritis is often found in men who have practiced sports with heavy loads.A wise number of squats, with or without weighting, can quickly use the cartilage layer and cause osteoarthritis of the knee joint.
The first alarming signs of osteoarthritis of the knee joint are the characteristic crunch and clicks on the joint when they move.The pain comes later, because the patient does not notice the degenerative changes in progress for a long time.
With timely treatment, the osteoarthritis of the knee joint can be defeated, or at least suspend the development of the disease.
Ankle joint osteoarthritis (crossbarrosis)
The ankle is very mobile and performs important functions when walking, running and jumping.The osteoarthritis of the ankle joint can lead a person to disability in just a few years, if the treatment does not start in a timely manner.
But the early diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the ankle joint remains problematic, since there are no nerve endings in the cartilage itself, and for a long time the pain is not felt.Pathological changes develop, almost in no way to make themselves feel.In the early stages of the osteoarthritis of the ankle joint, as a rule, it is detected by accident.
Hip joint osteoarthritis (coxarthrosis)
Cooksarrosis, or the osteoarthritis of the hip joint, belongs to the most common and most serious lesions of the lower extremities joints.As a rule, pain is absent for a long time.The pain already appears when the joint is significantly destroyed.This is very dangerous, since it is the hip joint that carries the main load associated with body mass.
Foot joint osteoarthritis
Although osteoarthritis often affects large joints, smaller joints can also suffer.The reason for the development of the osteoarthritis of the joint joints can be lesions, congenital disorders in the structure of the limbs, flat feet, uncomfortable shoes, work in which a person spends a lot of time on their feet.Often, the development of the osteoarthritis of the foot can cause vascular diseases, due to which the blood supply is altered to the limb, as well as in endocrine and metabolic diseases.
An outstanding bone in the base of the thumb very often seems precisely due to the osteoarthritis of the fingertips.After the deformation of the first joint, the propagation of the process to other fingers can follow.
Articulations of the upper extremities
Although the upper limbs represent a lower load than in the lower one, the osteoarthritis of the joints of the hands causes many problems for the patient.
Brush joint osteoarthritis
Statistics say: This type of osteoarthritis is found in women much more frequently than in men.And it manifests, as a rule, after the beginning of menopause, although the first symptoms of osteoarthritis may appear before.
It is precisely the osteoarthritis of the fingertips that disfigure your hands, making the joints with mound, swollen and fingers, curves.
Joint deformation is very poorly affected by fine motor skills.It becomes difficult not only to hold small objects in their hands, put a thread on a needle, knit and write.During periods of exacerbations, sore fingers cannot sustain the spoon, and the cup of tea must rise with two hands, and then slide.
Elbow joint osteoarthritis
This type of joint osteoarthritis is relatively rare.In general, the cause of the development of the disease lies in injuries, inflammatory diseases, hard work, excessive enthusiasm for some sports.
Although the elbow joint generally does not have significant loads, the changes caused by osteoarthritis can interfere thoroughly with normal life.The violation of mobility can even deprive a person of the ability to perform the usual action in the life of, including the service of their own needs.
Shoulder joint osteoarthritis
The osteoarthritis of the shoulder joint is not too common.If at the early stage of the development of the osteoarthritis of the shoulder joint, pain appears relatively rarely, then as the joint destroys the situation, the situation worsens.
The hand becomes painful to lift and turn, the pain intensifies when it rises a lot and the weather changes.Walking pain does not allow sleeping: the patient cannot find the position of the body in which the shoulder would not hurt.
TEMPLOMANDIBULAR ARTICULATION OOSTIS
If the osteoarthritis of the joints of the hand can interfere with the patient to transmit a spoon with food to the mouth, then the osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMS) prevents the mouth.But this is in the last stage of the disease, when the articulation of the jaw has suffered significant destruction, and bone growth deprives it of mobility.
The cause of the disease is a violation of the bite, congenital or acquired due to the destruction or loss of teeth.The development of osteoarthritis can cause lesions, inflammatory processes in the joint.
Articulations of the column (spondilartrosis) articulations
The osteoarthritis of the neck joints develops due to a violation of the structure of the bones and the cartilage;Due to a long stay in the wrong position of the body during the operation.Reason can be injuries, inflammation, hard work, violation of the blood supply to the column and many other factors.
The osteoarthritis of the column joints is dangerous, since the deformation of the joints can lead to the compression of the nerve fibers, the blood vessels, which, in turn, can cause several pathological symptoms.These are frequent headaches, migraine (which means the vertebral artery syndrome or the "cervical migraine" called the SO), hypertension, weakness and rapid fatigue, etc.Compression of blood vessels and nerve fibers can occur with 2nd grade spondyl.
Symptoms of osteoarthritis
Symptoms of osteoarthritis of the legs of the legs
Pain, as a rule, is absent in the early stages of the disease.But it can see that when it moves, the Board can click, crack and, sometimes, very strong.
If osteoarthritis is not treated, then the movement without a cane or crutches can become problematic.And in the most serious cases, the patient completely loses the ability to move independently.Gonarrosis, the osteoarthritis of the hip and ankle joints are especially difficult.
Symptoms of articulations osteoarthritis
The osteoarthritis of the joints of the hand manifests in the deformation of the fingers: they can be folded, the joints swell, the thickness and the hills appear in them.During the exacerbation, the painful joints become hot and painful.The osteoarthritis of the fingers avoids the exact movements, the fingers obey badly.
The symptoms of the osteoarthritis of the shoulder joint are expressed, among other things, to limit mobility.If a healthy shoulder joint has the ability to make a variety of movements with great amplitude, then with the osteoarthritis of the shoulder joint, it can become impossible to even raise a hand.
Symptoms of arthrosis of the temporomandibular joint
The symptoms of the osteoarthritis of the jaw letter are not very different from others.This is crunch during the movement, limiting the mobility of the joint.In addition, in the absence of treatment, the patient can generally lose the ability to open the mouth and even speak clearly.As the disease develops, pain appears, increasing the load and during raw and cold climate.
Symptoms of spondilartrosis
In the early stages, spondy osteoarthritis manifests itself only by some discomforts in the back.Unpleasant sensations make the patient more often than usual, change the position of the body.As the disease develops, pain appears.At first, it is not strong, but very stubborn and intrusive, and then it can become constant and exhausting.
Forms of osteoarthritis
Primary and secondary osteoarthritis
Primary, or idiopathic, is called osteoarthritis, whose causes of development cannot be detected.This applies to the hereditary forms of osteoarthritis, including.
Secondary osteoarthritis develops as a result of several pathological processes in the body that can cause changes in the joints.It can be injuries, an incorrect lifestyle, hard work or illness.In particular, osteoarthritis can develop after suffering joint inflammation, as well as due to vascular system diseases, endocrine disorders and autoimmune diseases.Arthrosis can lead to diabetes mellitus, gout, draft of Endarteritis, etc.
Located and generalized osteoarthritis
Located osteoarthritis is characterized by the propagation of the process by 1-2 joints.Located osteoarthritis includes osteoarthritis of the hip joint, gonartrosis, cryrosis, temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis, etc.
The causes of osteoarthritis
The causes of primary osteoarthritis
Primary osteoarthritis can be developed for dark reasons, which are not always possible to detect.Famous risk factors include congenital characteristics and genetically transmitted from the body.
Construction anomalies
The structure of the skeleton, bones and ligaments play an important role in the development of osteoarthritis.This may be due to the violations of the structure of the bones, the cartilage and the connective tissues, and with the inadequate formation of bones and joints.
Hereditary predisposition
Genetic disorders can lead to disorders in substance synthesis processes that are cartilage, connective tissue or joint liquid.
The causes of secondary osteoarthritis
Injuries
As a result of fractures, cracks and incorrect fusion, the natural shape of the joint can change, its blood supply can be disturbed.That is why the reason for the development of large and small joints osteoarthritis in 20-30% of cases are injuries.
Excessive load
With too much physical activity of the surface of the joint joints when it moves, the microtrauma is obtained, which eventually leads to a change in the quality of the cartilage and its destruction.
Obesity
Excess weight significantly increases the load in column joints and lower extremities.It is this factor that accelerates and weighs the course of coxarthrosis, ankle osteoarthritis and the knee joints of the legs.
Joints
Inflammatory processes in the joints are called arthritis and often precede the development of osteoarthritis.Joint inflammation occurs with rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis, with gout and psoriasis.
Endocrine diseases
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most significant factors in the development of osteoarthritis.But other endocrine diseases and conditions may have a negative effect.In particular, hormonal changes associated with menopause significantly increase the risk of osteoarthritis in mature women.
Violations of metabolic processes
Metabolism diseases also contribute to the arthrosis disease of the joints.This is gout, osteoporosis and others.Metabolic processes that occur incorrectly play a negative role in calcium absorption, protein synthesis and other elements necessary to preserve the normal structure of bones, cartilage, ligaments, etc.
Blood supply disorders
Atherosclerosis, varicose veins and other blood vessels lead to a violation of the blood supply and bone nutrients and joints.Due to lack of nutrition, its strength is reduced and the risk of osteoarthritis appears.
Hypodinamia
The lack of movement is harmful to the entire organism, and for the musculoskeletal system as well.The lack of physical activity negatively affects blood supply to individual organs and systems, and also often leads to obesity and congestive phenomena.
Diagnosis of osteoarthritis
Arthrosis can be similar to other diseases that require a different treatment methodology.The correct diagnosis is very important for the timely beginning of the treatment of osteoarthritis and the choice of optimal methodology.
The suspicion of osteoarthritis occurs during the initial exam based on a set of patient complaints.But this is not enough to establish a precise diagnosis.
One of the most visual methods remains an X -Ray exam: the changes that occur in the joint are clearly visible on the radiography.The degree of visible changes in the image allows you to determine the degree of disease development.
In addition to the radiography, thermographic images, ultrasound, calculated and magnetic resonance are used.
Other studies are carried out for differential diagnoses.In particular, rheumatoid samples, a detailed blood analysis, determination of the level of uric acid, etc.
Treatment of osteoarthritis
How to treat osteoarthritis?
The main thing that the patient should remember with osteoarthritis: treatment should be carried out under the supervision of specialists.With home methods, osteoarthritis cannot be cured.In addition: if the disease has already developed up to 2-3 stages, it will not work to completely restore the affected joint.
Treatment of osteoarthritis: Medicine
The treatment of arthrosis of the joints must be integral.The basis of pharmacological treatment is the condroprotectors, medications that help maintain their elasticity and resistance that improve the structure of the cartilage tissue.
Condroprotectors are available in different ways:
- in capsules and tablets;
- In solutions for intramuscular and intra -articular injection.
Condroprotectors are especially effective with an early degree of osteoarthritis, but their use is also advisable in the treatment of the advanced stages of the disease.
To relieve pain, several anesthetic and analgesics are prescribed in creams, gels for local or injections.
To relieve inflammation in the affected joint, non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs based on sodium diclofenac, orthophene and metish.
Muscle cramps go back under the influence of myorelaxant drugs.
In addition, medications that contribute to the improvement of blood microcirculation are prescribed.As auxiliary substances, the use of vitamins is possible.
Treatment of osteoarthritis with surgical methods
In the last stages of osteoarthritis, when the joint is already destroyed significantly and does not lend to medical treatment, surgical operations can be performed in the joint.
Types of surgical treatment of osteoarthritis:
- Arthroplasty, in which mobility can be returned to the affected joint;
- arthrodesis aimed at guaranteeing the immobility of the articulation;
- Joint resection, that is, the complete or partial elimination of the affected elements of the joint;
- Prostas, in which the damaged and destroyed parts are replaced by artificial elements.
Massage, physiotherapy in the treatment of osteoarthritis
Physiotherapeutic treatment plays a very important role in the fight against the symptoms of osteoarthritis.The patient is prescribed massage, laser and magnetic therapy, acupuncture and other types of treatment.
Treatment courses must be repeated regularly.
Sanatorium resort osteoarthritis treatment
Many sanatoriums specialize in the treatment of osteoarthritis, especially those that are close to the therapeutic mud deposits and specialize in the mud.
Arthrosis patients are indicated by therapeutic baths and heating, but all this should be done under strict medical control.Mudlit has restrictions and contraindications.
Degree of osteoarthritis
First grade osteoarthritis
The first degrees of osteoarthritis are manifested by insignificant symptoms that cannot be easily noticed:
- a certain rigidity of the movements, especially after being in relative immobility;
- pain at the beginning of the movement, disappearing after a few minutes;
- Light crunchy, crispy, click on the joint when making movements;
- Pain after and during physical effort, after rest, passes.
On the radiography, minor changes in the structure of the joint can be visible, including the appearance of small bone growths along the edges of the joint joint and a slightly expressed narrowing of the joint gap.
Second Degree Oartrosis
With 2 degrees of osteoarthritis, all symptoms appear more strongly:
- more notable restriction of joint mobility;
- With any movement, a crack and a crunch is heard in a painful joint;
- The pain for second degree osteoarthritis becomes more often and more acute;
- "Start" pains do not disappear more after the start of the movement;
- In the X line, the deformation of the articulation and the growth of the osteophytes are clearly visible;
- Second grade osteoarthritis causes significant narrowing of the joint gap, it can even be remarkable to shorten the sore limb.
With 2 degrees of osteoarthritis, performance is reduced and some types of activity become impossible.
3 -degree osteoarthritis
3 Degree of osteoarthritis is characterized by serious damage to the joint:
- The growth of bone tissue and the accumulation of fluid in the joint stock market leads to an increase in the joint;
- The movements are significantly limited, sometimes the patient can do nothing more than balance with the affected limb;
- The sensitivity to changes in the climate increases;
- Strong pain practically does not leave the patient or moving or at rest;
- The muscles around the sore joint are constantly spasmodic, due to power disorders, they begin to gradually stondle;
- The joint gap is not practically visible on the radiography, the deformation of the surfaces of the joint elements is expressed very strongly;The joint is surrounded by bone tissue growth, the destruction of intra -articular structures and sclerotic changes in surrounding tissues is remarkable.
Fourth grade osteoarthritis
Despite the generally accepted classification of the development of osteoarthritis, which consists of 3 degrees, sometimes the most severe 4 degrees are distinguished.The deforming arthrosis of the joint at this stage of the disease takes the most serious form: the joint is completely destroyed and loses its functions.At the same time, the patient experiences such severe pain that even minor movements become impossible.The pain does not stop even with powerful drugs.
In the X line, you can see the fusion of the affected bones of the joints, the joint, expressed sclerotic changes.
At this stage, deforming osteoarthritis can only be detained by a surgical operation to the destroyed joint prostheses.
Osteoarthritic prevention
The health of the joints must be taken from young people.The prevention of osteoarthritis is attentive to their health and in the timely search of a doctor when the first symptoms of osteoarthritis appear, they even express themselves slightly.
Prevention measures include maintaining body weight at an optimal level.
Do not get involved excessively in traumatic sports, train with excessive diligence and irrational loads.It is also dangerous to take great breaks in sports, after which the previous load can be destructive for the joints and cause osteoarthritis.
It is advisable to provide adequate and rational nutrition, excluding alcohol, fatty, spicy and canned foods.It is absolutely necessary to quit smoking to maintain the health of blood vessels.
For women, it is always relevant to avoid high -heeled close shoes.And in the period of menopause, it is necessary to address competently the issue of hormonal replacement therapy so as not to expose the body to hormonal stress that can cause the development of osteoarthritis.
Since the lesions become a common cause of the development of osteoarthritis, it should be avoided as much as the possible damage to the bones, the joints and other injuries.
Exercises for osteoarthritis
Therapeutic gymnastics for osteoarthritis is very important, as well as sufficient physical activity for disease prevention.
The doctor selected special exercises for osteoarthritis, but there are some general recommendations.
- Exercises for osteoarthritis should not cause pain.
- The intensity of the load should not be large, any overload is harmful.
- The movements are made at a slow or medium pace, with moderate amplitude.
- Swimming is very useful and Aqua Aerobia in a warm pool.
- The exercises for osteoarthritis should be performed daily, without breaks, for a long time.Preferably always.