Osteochondrosis is a pathological process that leads to distribution and structural disorders first on intervertebral discs, and then in the vertebrae itself, spinal nerves, muscles, blood vessels and internal organs located nearby.
You can hit all parts of the vertical column: cervical, chest, lumbar and sacrum.Cervical osteochondrosis is a very common phenomenon, and in terms of frequency it is lower only than lumbar osteochondrosis.
Osteochondrosis in the cervical region proceeds.Like any other pathology, without timely treatment, it progresses.Functional and structural changes in bone and cartilaginous tissue become increasingly pronounced, which leads to complicated forms of the disease with sensitivity and limitation of movements.
Stages and degrees
In total, 4 stages (degrees) of osteochondrosis of the cervical region are distinguished.At the same time, the concepts of "grade" and "stage" are often confused.Although they mean the same, they are not entirely identical.The stage shows structural disorders in the cervical column, in nearby organs and tissues.And in the degree it means symptoms of osteochondrosis and complaints of the patients.With the osteochondrosis of the cervical region, the first -degree clinical signs are minimal, but may be completely absent.The patient complains weakly expressed in the neck (cervical), intensifying when turning his head.In the exam, the local tension of the cervical muscles is observed.
The osteochondrosis of the cervical region of the second grade is accompanied by discogenic radiculitis.As a result of more changes in degenerative distributions in the nucleus and the fibrous capsule of the intervertebral disc, the height of the gap between the cervical vertebrae decreases.As a result of this, the roots of the cervical spinal nerves are violated.Patients are concerned about punctual pain, intensification with turns and head inclination.Pain syndrome can go beyond the cervical region and be accompanied by general weakness, a decrease in performance.
As a result of additional pathological processes, which leads to the displacement and destruction of intervertebral discs, disc hernias are formed in the cervical region.The pain and the feeling of general weakness intensify, sensitive disorders and engines in the area of the affected segment bind to them.Osteochondrosis of the cervical region of the third grade is developing.
In the future, with the osteochondrosis of the cervical region, the fourth grade of the destroyed intervertebral disc is replaced by fibrous connective tissue.Due to the participation of the vertebral artery in the pathological process of pain with sensitive disorders and motors, brain disorders bind, deteriorated coordination and the feeling of sounding in the ears.
Etiology
Before talking about the causes or etiological factors of cervical osteochondrosis, some anatomical and physiological characteristics of this spine should be clarified.
These characteristics are as follows:
- The neck is a mobile structure, while bordering a relatively static chest column.
- Cervical vertebrae 7, and segments 8. The "excess" segment appears due to atlantois treatment.
- Cervical vertebrae have an anatomically different structure, which goes back especially in the example of the first two cervical vertebrae, Atlanta and Axis.
- Vital communications pass in the neck: trachea, esophagus, large vessels, including the vertebral artery that supplies the brain.
The etiological factors that lead to pathological changes in the cervical region with the transition after the second degree cervical osteochondrosis are the following:
- Sedentary lifestyle;
- Irrational nutrition with a deficiency of trace elements and vitamins;
- Constant violation of the position of schoolchildren, students, office workers;
- Frequent hypothermia, adverse microclimate of the house and in production;
- Endocrine disorders;
- Weak immunity;
- Inheritance.
Symptoms
The symptoms of the osteochondrosis of the cervical region of the second grade, in addition to pain, include the tension of the cervical and spinal muscles.The pain in the neck (cervicalgia) with a given degree of osteochondrosis can be to point or spill, extend beyond the neck to other anatomical areas: the back and shoulder belt.Due to the shortening of the intervertebral gaps, the muscles and ligaments sink.The action of the muscular framework is weakened and is formed by subluxation of the cervical region, as a result of which the album changes in one direction or another.At the same time, the pain can be acute and strong, according to the type of obturator (cervical) after turning the head or the extension of the neck.
In addition to pain, as already indicated, the tension of the cervical and spinal muscles is observed.Due to the fact that cervical vertebrae does not move from behind, but to the side, such stress is usually asymmetric and leads to a deteriorated posture.In turn, the deteriorated position leads to greater deterioration in metabolic processes in the cervical region.All conditions are created for the transition from osteochondrosis to the third stage.
In 2 stages of cervical osteochondrosis, the vertebral artery is not yet affected.However, at this stage, in addition to pain and muscle tension, patients complain about a feeling of weakness, rapid fatigue and decomposition.Sleep disorders are possible due to pain.
Types of treatment
The treatment of the osteochondrosis of the cervical region of the second grade includes:
- Medicine therapy,
- Physiotherapeutic procedures,
- Therapeutic gymnastics,
- Massage,
- Manual therapy
Drug treatmentIts objective is to eliminate cervicalgia, inflammation in the roots of cervical segments and the normalization of metabolic processes on cervical discs.Anesthesia is achieved by taking analgesics orally.But this is the most ineffective way to eliminate pain.In this sense, intramuscular injections are more effective.With severe pain, you can use a special chantsa necklace.
AnesthesiaIt can be achieved by eliminating the inflammatory process in cervical roots.In this sense, non -steroidal anti -inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) are used in several forms of drugs: tablets, ointments, injections and compresses.In this sense, injections, ointments are very effective.A good anti -inflammatory effect is given by steroid hormones.
To restore the affected cartilage, it is recommended to receive condoprotectors.For the same purpose, the use of vitamin mineral complexes that contain vitamins of group B, C, E along with zinc, iron calcium, is shown.Although brain disorders in the second stage of cervical osteochondrosis did not happen, the use of neuroprotectors will not be superfluous.
Physiotherapeutic proceduresWith cervical osteochondrosis, any degree is designed to reduce pain and inflammation, improve local blood flow.To this end, phonoforesis, laser and magnetic resonance therapy is used, ultrasound treatment is used.Physiotherapeutic procedures are contraindicated by the period of exacerbation of osteochondrosis.
MassageWith osteochondrosis, it is also carried out in an interfered period.Massage procedures are carried out in the patient's position sitting or lying aside.At the same time, the massage therapist with smooth movements in the direction from the back of the head to the amstasta neck, hits and rubs the tense muscles.Subsequently, the muscles of the back, neck and chest massage.In this case, the car -massage is possible using the Kuznetsov applicator.It is a needle roller with plastic peaks.It is enough to put this roller around the neck for half an hour every day, one hour, and the result will not arrive.
Medical Physical EducationIt is designed to consolidate the effect of the previous methods of treatment of neck osteochondrosis.At the same time, optimal loads are created in several muscle groups, which leads to strengthening the muscles and eliminating the spine.Manual therapy for neck osteochondrosis should be carried out with great caution.Due to the high risk of cervical column injuries, it is associated with great risk not only for health, but also for the patient's life.
Preventive measures
The prevention of cervical osteochondrosis is designed to eliminate the causes of this disease and prevent the transition from stage 2 of 3.
In this sense, the following requirements must be observed:
- Active lifestyle;
- Complete nutrition;
- Normal conditions in everyday life and production, excluding drafts and hypothermia;
- Adequate position with work and study "sedentary";
- Hardening, sports;
- Treatment of concomitant chronic diseases;
- In the first signs of osteochondrosis, a timely visit to the doctor.